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I’ve written on this subject before, and others are catching on. John Grohol of PsychCentral writes:
Eight medications for a single child? Heck, I wouldn’t want to see an adult taking that many medications for a psychiatric disorder, much less a child of 10.(1)
Yes, he talked about a report of a child being on 2 antipsychotics, 2 mood stabilizers, 2 stimulants, 1 antidepressant, and another med just for ADHD. You’ve got to be kidding me.
I wish this surprised me. It doesn’t. Dr. Grohol thinks things might be better if the diagnoses were rendered by psychiatrists….maybe…maybe…
…general practitioners and physicians should never be diagnosing a child’s psychiatric condition unless they are a psychiatrist, plain and simple. They might offer a preliminary diagnosis, but then the rule should be that they refer on to a qualified mental health professional (a psychiatrist is fine, but psychologists and other mental health professionals are also well-qualified to properly diagnose and recommend a comprehensive treatment plan).
I’ve evaluated numerous children diagnosed by psychiatrists who were on 4 different classes of medication for ADHD (antipsychotic, mood stablizer, antidepressant, and another med to combat side effects). As Dr. Grohol notes:
Compared to adults, few studies have been done to ensure the safety and efficacy of many of these psychiatric medications (except for childhood concerns like ADHD). Medications for children are sometimes necessary, absolutely. But it should be done only under the oversight of a specialist in mental health concerns (a psychiatrist) and treatment should, ideally, be conducted through a treatment of team of mixed mental health professionals.
I would urge even more caution that Dr. Grohol. A psychiatrist will typically spend 15-30 minutes evaluating the issue. Usually (not always), their only tool is medication. In my practice, if it is at all feasible, I work with the patient in every way I can think of to avoid medication. Occasionally, it’s not possible. But very often it is. If a psychiatrist wants to put your child on meds, ask if it has been approved for use in children. There are not many meds that have been, but they are used all the time.
(1). http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/12/15/overprescribing-medications-in-children/
CLPsych has an interesting post on a study that found that among patients with Medicaid in Oregon who were prescribed antipsychotic medication, only a minority actually had a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder (15% vs 27%). The rest had diagnoses of depression, anxiety, or PTSD. I think I’d like to add to this the fact disorders are often diagnosed for the medication as I’ve written about before (On Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Medication; Diagnosing for the Medication). In other words, there are times when the diagnosis is given in order to justify the medication that is prescribed. This doesn’t happen all the time, but it does happen.
http://clinpsyc.blogspot.com/2008/09/atypical-antipsychotics-for-all-oregon.html
Believe it or not, we all have self-defeating expectations at times. What do I mean by this?
“I wish I could meet someone to date…”
“What have you done to try to meet somebody?”
“Well nothing. Nobody would want to date me anyway.”
“Hmmm…”
A self-defeating expectation is different from outright self-sabotage. With self-sabotage, a person approaches a goal only to shoot themselves in the foot by something they do. For example, a person might drop out of college with only a class or two left to complete before achieving a degree. Secretly, they may fear that they will fail in their chosen career path, so it’s short-circuited before it even has a chance to start.
Most often with both patterns, there is an element of anxiety that is often subtly concealed. There can sometimes be a deep-seated belief, “Whatever I do, I am doomed to fail.” This often becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. A person brings about that which they fear.
Now, believe it or not, sometimes a self-defeating pattern brings about things that are more positive in a person’s life. I remember one lady whose grandmother wanted her to become a nurse. She had a very close relationship with her grandmother. One day, her grandmother was complaining about a pain in her leg. Her grandmother remarked, “Oh, I probably just pulled a muscle.” And she responded, “Yeah, probably so.” Two days later, the grandmother was dead because a blood clot in her leg dislodged and ended up in her heart. This woman felt tremendously guilty—that she had caused her grandmother’s death by not suggesting that she see a doctor. She felt she had to fulfill her grandmother’s dreams for her in becoming a nurse. But she struggled in college. She became more depressed. She kept flunking certain classes. It was not because she lacked intelligence—I tested her IQ level and she should have been able to get all A’s or at least A’s and B’s in every class she took. What we discovered was that she didn’t really want to be a nurse. Once she was able to resolve her feelings of guilt about her grandmother’s death, she was able to see that her grandmother would have wanted her to choose a profession that she wanted to choose. She switched majors and started getting the A’s and B’s that I knew she was capable of.
Sometimes the patterns of self-defeat run a little deeper and keep repeating over and over. Most often, this has to do with a pattern of experiences in childhood that leads the person to have deep doubts about the competence or effectiveness. These patterns take longer to resolve, because the self-defeating beliefs are very strong and resist change. Sometimes, these patterns take several years to resolve. There may be numerous subtle anxieties that keep a person in a repeating pattern of self-defeat. But, if you are truly motivated to overcome these patterns and have a shrink that you connect with, you can overcome these patterns with a lot of hard work. Unfortunately, there is no medication that will help you do this, and there is no quick fix. It is difficult to resolve these patterns outside of a psychotherapeutic relationship, because everyone has their blinders.
Race horses are fitted with blinders. The blinders restrict their field of vision to basically straight ahead of them. This is so they do not become frightened by other things that are going on around them. People have “mental blinders,” defenses that keep them from recognizing those things that frighten them. Psychotherapy can help people remove these blinders and confront their fears and anxieties.
This is a long overdue summary of recent psychology news items that I have found to be of interest.
Estrogen Relieves Psychotic Symptoms in Women With Schizophrenia – In a single double-blind study of the use of estrogen in women with severe schizophrenia, it was found that symptoms were significantly reduced compared to placebo. This study was related to the observation that many women with schizophrenia experience a relapse of psychotic symptoms or increased psychosis during low-estrogen phases of the menstrual cycle. This is interesting in that I have seen at least one patient who experienced psychosis ONLY during this phase.
Experimental Agent Safe, May “Dissolve” Amyloid Plaques in Mild to Moderate AD – If you have a parent, grandparent, or another relative with presumed Alzheimer’s disease, you probably know something about how devastating it can be. One theory of Alzheimer’s disease involves the notion of a build up of beta amyloid plaques in the brain. Apparently, this studied demonstrated the ability of an antibody to attack these plaques. While interesting, the researchers have yet to demonstrate that this actually improves cognition and memory. They hope this has to do with the short duration of the study, which was basically to test the safety of the drug.
Early Study Finds Increased Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Long-Term Users of Tricyclic Antidepressants – A recently published study showed an association between lymphoma and use of tricyclic antidepressant medication. The authors were careful to point out, that this was just an association, and there was no proof that the medications caused lymphoma. Tricyclic medications are an older generation of medication than the current SSRI medications. They are sometimes used when there is no response to SSRIs, and sometimes can be used as a sleep aid (trazadone specifically). The risk was higher with long-term use.
Sage Oil Supplements May Help Short-Term Memory – Short-term memory is commonly used to what’s referred to as recent memory. A study found that Sage oil supplements helped people have better recall on a word-learning task.
I’ve noted before that the role of psychiatrists is largely focused only the medication that a patient takes. To be fair, there are a few psychiatrists out there who do actual psychotherapy. Recent research shows this to be declining very steadily. (1)
I think the recent research on the decline of psychotherapy in psychiatry underestimates the ‘true’ shift in the field of psychiatry. The research is based on billing codes, and I know a little about that. I do computer consulting with a mental health center on their electronic medical record system. If the session goes over 15 minutes, it is billed as medication review + MD psychotherapy. So, in other words, if the session lasts more than 15 minutes, it is considered psychotherapy. This is whether it is true psychotherapy, or just an extended discussion of medication. There are no psychiatrists within a 50 mile radius of my practice that I would consider that provide true “psychotherapy.” So, the research results from 2004-2005 showing that 29% of psychiatrists provide ‘psychotherapy,’ is quite distorted. It frankly just means that sometimes they run over 15 minutes in the discussion of medication. I’m not saying that there are not any psychiatrists who provide psychotherapy, I’m just saying that it is very rare. That’s why you ought to be very skeptical about psychologists who have prescription privileges, because it is likely that they will go the way of psychiatrists.
(1). http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/578684?src=mpnews&spon=12&uac=107497SN
Milton Erickson, MD, was the worlds foremost expert on the application of hypnosis to resolving emotional problems. Often, Erickson employed the therapeutic metaphor in order to promote the unconscious resolution of a patient’s problems. He often did this by telling stories, that on the surface, appeared to be just a story….but in actuality nailed the crux of the patient’s psychological problems on an unconscious level.
He had polio. He was not expected to live through the night. The doctor told his mother this in front of him. Now he thought that was awfully unkind to be saying to his mother and in front him him…the soon to 
be deceased. He could only move his eyeballs and talk to some extent. He got his mother to rearrange his room so that he could see out the window. He explained that this was so that he could see the sunrise. He stayed awake all night long staring out the window, just waiting for the sunrise. He wanted to prove that doctor wrong. He lapsed into a coma for awhile after seeing the first light of day. He had done it…proved that insensitive doctor wrong. But that was only the start of the battle….he was left with only being able to move his eyeballs and nothing else. So, he began to learn to be a very keen observer of people….what else did he have to do?? He learned that his sister could say ‘Yes’ when she meant ‘No,’ and say ‘No’ when she meant ’Yes.’ He learned to identify each family member from the specific pattern and sound of their footsteps. He learned how babies learned to move and walk from watching his infant sister. Now he figured that we all have unconscious memories for learning how to move and explore the world. Because we all had to do this, and this is just what he did. By watching his baby sister, he re-learned what he already knew. So after about a year or so, he got to where he could crawl. At that point, he purchased a canoe. On his own, he paddled the canoe 1200 miles down the Mississippi river….at times pulling the canoe behind him over sandbars while crawling. By the end of the trip, he had gained enough physical strength to walk and carry the canoe over his head! Later in life, he developed an active case of polio again, and was bound to a wheelchair. Even though he was in immense physical pain, he continued to work with teaching and treating patients. He could barely breath or talk, but continued working with every ounce of his strength.
Now, some people are kind of naive. If you are, you may or may not be aware of it. Others are rigidly skeptical…their first position is disbelief. Folks are usually not fully aware of how rigid they are. I remember I was at a 
workshop for the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. One of the presenters was talking about his experiences with Milton Erickon. One day, Dr. Erickson told him that in order for him [Dr. Erickson] to keep teaching this individual, he [the student] would have to do something different. He told him that he was to climb ‘Squaws Peak,’ and to go into the desert. He was to keep looking until he found a Boojum tree. Dr. Erickson said something like, “It’s spelled bujoom. No, bojum. No, bojam. No, boojam. No, Boojum. Yes that’s it. Boojum.” And then he [Erickson] told him [the student] that when he saw this Boojum tree, he would think to himself, ‘That’s not a tree. It’s impossible!!!” And while he was considering that impossibility, he was to look around and identify the ‘creeping devils.’ He explained that some people don’t believe they exist, but he was pretty sure that this student might be able to find them. So, the student went up Squaws Peak, and into the desert. He kept driving until he saw the weirdest thing. He didn’t even know what he was looking for. But when he saw it, he thought, “That’s not a tree. It’s impossible!!” And while he felt completely confused, because this was exactly what was predicted by Dr. Erickson, he began to look around on the gound. He saw the strangest cactus….a cactus that grew horizontally and then bent up. He knew this must 
be the ‘creeping devil,’ and now knew they existed. He could only speculate about the reasons that Dr. Erickson had him do this, although it appears plain to me. It didn’t really matter if his conscious mind knew or didn’t know. His unconscious mind did know….and the necessary changes were made as I could see from his current personality.
Now, I believe God designed us with incredibly complex minds that have self-corrective mechanisms built into them. I believe that within each individual, there are all the resources and knowledge needed in order to resolve the patient’s difficulties. All that’s needed is the mobilization of those unconscious resources. As Dr. Erickson explained, “It’s not what the patient doesn’t know that’s the problem. It’s what they know, that they don’t know they know.” In other words, each individual has gained a great deal of knowledge about themselves and the world that they have forgotten conscious, but have not forgotten unconsciously. When that information is utilized effectively by the unconscious mind, the individual’s difficulties can be resolved. This can happen when a patient is asleep and dreaming. This can happen when they are eating breakfast and staring off into space. This can happen when they are walking down the sidewalk and seem to become less aware of what is going on around them. This can happen at any number of times when it is most appropriate….and I have seen this happen any number of times…and delight in the surprise of patients when it occurs….
Recently, many psychologists, psychiatrists, the general public, and the media have been becoming more aware of bias in pharmaceutical research. The most recent work found that researchers design the study in order to favor the medication that is sponsored by the funding source. In this post, I will talk about some of the problems with pharmaceutical study research design.
The Placebo Washout Phase
Nearly all studies of pharmaceuticals, at least psychotropics, include an initial phase in which people who respond (read benefit) from a sugar pill are excluded from the study. So, if in the initial phase, they get better on placebo, they are excluded from the study. Purportedly, this is to remove an unimportant variable. But what this does is amplify the effects of the medication in the actual study. So, the drugs end up looking like they have a greater effect than they actually have. You end up with a group of folks who purportedly do not respond well to placebo taking an active drug versus a sugar pill. If you are going to run this type of study, the results need to state, “For people who are poor responders to placebo, the drug proved to be moderately efficacious.” That would be a more honest way to present the results, but I have never seen this occur. The exclusion of ‘placebo responders’ amplifies the effect of the ‘drug.’
Use of Percentages in Results
I have seen a number of popular drugs tested against placebo and the only statistics you find in the article to be “percent who achieved remission.” You read the whole article and the only thing presented is percentages and statistics to tell you if the percentages who fall into certain groups differ. This is also done so that the drug looks better than placebo. As an example, please see my previous analysis of on a study of antidepressants (Prozac) in children.
The Double Blind is not Blind
The double-blind research design is considered to be the ‘gold standard’ in pharmaceutical research. It is purported to be the most objective and best way of determining whether or not a drug has efficacy. The double-blind experiment is accurately described on Wikipedia:
Double-blind describes an especially stringent way of conducting an experiment, usually on human subjects, in an attempt to eliminate subjective bias on the part of both experimental subjects and the experimenters. In most cases, double-blind experiments are held to achieve a higher standard of scientific rigour.
So, the assumption is that the researchers do not know which group the study participants have been assigned, and the participants do not know which group they have been assigned to. Ah….but there’s a problem here. Previous research with antidepressant medication, reveals that both patients and doctors are pretty good at figuring out which group they are in, most likely because of side effects.
Some Solutions to the Problem
If you are reading pharmaceutical research that does not include a check to see if the blinding actually worked (in other words ask the researchers or physicians what group they think the participant is in and ask the participant what group they think they are in), uses a placebo washout phase, and only uses percentages or stats to tell if the percentages differ, be very skeptical of this research. Irving Kirsch has proposed a model for research that includes an ‘active placebo,’ in other words a drug that produces side effects, but in theory does not act in the same way as the drug. This should help to actually insure the ‘blind’ of the study. Finally, when research is funded by a pharmaceutical company, you need to be very skeptical of the results. If researchers are going to receive pharmaceutical industry funding, they need to be blind to the ‘who’ is funding them.
From time to time I plan to post summaries of recent interesting news in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. This is the first installment. I also provide my perspective, opinions, and observations.
Neonates in Intensive Care Endure Painful Procedures, Mostly Without Analgesia- A recent study found that infants in neo-natal intensive care experienced an average of 16 painful or stressful procedures per day. And that 79% of these were without analgesia. Very slowly, more practitioners are becoming aware of the long term consequences for traumatic experiences as an infant including the birth process. Unfortunately, the quackery of the ‘re-birthing’ movement has caused many practitioners to develop excessive cynicism to these notions. Even though people have no conscious memory of these experiences, there are unconscious memories that result in a number of problems in later life as a result of early traumatic experiences. I’ll write more on my clinical observations of early traumas in the future.
Childhood Nutrition Linked to Adult Intellectual Function- Okay, you’re a parent. You are not your child’s friend. Many parent’s nowadays are confused about their role. They want to be ‘friends’ with their child. That is not the role of a parent. The role of a parent is to educate a child, love a child, and nurture a child’s soul in the ways of the Lord so that they will be prepared for life’s challenges. So the kid says, “Yuck!!! I don’t want to eat it.” Show and explain that “big people,” adults, love to eat fruits and vegetables because ‘they make you smarter and stronger.’ As a child, I came to identify with my grandfather, who LOVED the fruit and vegetables that were grown in his garden. I think that nutritional changes are a key component of mental health. This must always be addressed in treatment. If you address this early on in a child’s life, you give them intellectual, and maturity advantages throughout their lives. Please do so. Fast food, such as McDonalds, Burger King, etc… are out of the question. But, please, do not take the easiest path with regard to parenting. You may think you are doing your child a favor, but you are not!
Relaxation Training for Anxiety: A Ten-Years Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis - The notion is that you ‘cannot be anxious and relaxed at the same time.’ For many people, relaxation techniques are very effective in helping you cope with anxiety and stress. For others, it is not effective at all. There is some evidence that meditation is more effective than relaxation as this article notes. Relaxation training is very different from activities that you may find relaxing. It is much deeper than that. But for some, relaxing is also seen as a threat. Psychotherapy with a competent psychotherapist can help you uncover why relaxation is so scary to you.. It may be a medical experience, “Just relax, this will be over in a minute.” And the word relax becomes associated with pain. There are many other variations on why people have trouble relaxing. If you have trouble learning relaxation techniques, you may require long-term psychotherapy to help resolve unconscious aspects that lead to your inability to relax.
Early Treatment of Migraine With Combination Therapy Effective, Well Tolerated- Headaches are a complex phenomena. This research shows that medication is very helpful compared to placebo. However, in my practice, it is very important to address the psychological factors of headaches. I remember one fellow who developed intense and severe ‘migraine headaches.’ This was described as a stabbing sensation that started in the back of the head. As a result, he would fall down on to the floor ‘sobbing’ as a result. In analysis, it was uncovered that the location of the pain was exactly the same as when his father, ‘beat my head against the wall.’ After his head was beat against the wall, he fell to the floor sobbing. Now, sometimes headaches are a result of constipation or poor nutrition. You need to drink water ONLY, and stay away from soft drinks. It doesn’t matter if they are diet or otherwise. Diet soft drinks are somewhat worse actually. If you need caffeine, get it from coffee or tea. Eat high fiber cereal for breakfast, bananas, and orange juice for breakfast (every day). The article doesn’t say these things obviously, but these are things I have found to be very effective with my patients.
Wine Is Healthy In A New (Or Old) Way – The Last Psychiatrist has an interesting article on how wine consumption effects digestion. I’ve always thought that the combination of food and drink was very important in the health effects of what was being consumed. This article provides more evidence along those lines.
John Grohol, PsyD, has a new post on psychcentral.com about “Another Brain Fad for Depression?“ He notes, 
and this is my phrasing, that the serotonin theory of depression has finally gone the way of the dodo bird. I felt pretty certain this would happen sooner or later. But, it’s only to be replaced with a new theory for the meager effects of antidepressants….”they heal brain cells.” It’s a cute new theory that I expect to be presented as fact in the new bouncing smiley comercials for Zoloft.
Recent research shows that antipsychotic medication is no more effective than placebo in reducing aggression in individuals with an intellectual disability. This type of medication is often prescribed for individuals with mental retardation, but the data now show that this type of intervention is no more effective than placebo. It should be noted that all interventions reduced symptoms, but placebo was the most effective. People should be amazed at the power of their own minds and expectations in producing changes even with intellectually disabled individuals. Intellectually disabled individuals seem to show some of the most impressive treatment gains in psychotherapy (this based on my experience). It seems likely that they are more accustomed to following directives than individuals without an intellectual disability, and are thus, less defensive. One of the most wise individuals I have ever worked with had an IQ of 66 (mild mental retardation). IQ does not mean that an individual possesses wisdom no matter what the IQ level is.
On internship, I remember one of my favorite supervisors saying to me, “I just want you to remember that when you are in private practice, that the standard of care for depression includes having the patients on an SSRI medication. It could open you to liability if a patient kills themselves.” I responded to him by saying that the research seems to indicate that by taking antidepressant medication, you may increase your risk of suicide, so you may be opening yourself up to liability by having the patient start an antidepressant medication. He seemed to understand my position, but noted that it is the general “standard of care.”
Over at PsychCentral, John Grohol, PsyD, presents new evidence that the pharmaceutical industry conducted questionnable statistical analyses that minimized the affect of Paxil in increasing suicide. I’m not saying Paxil directly causes suicide, because that is an individual decision. But it may increase other factors, such as agitation, which may increase the risk. I’m saying that psychologists and therapists who are comfortable in treating depression need not fear “increased risk of liability” for treating patients who are depressed without referring them for medication. It is a good idea to refer them to rule out physiological bases for their depression (such as hypothyroidism), but frankly there is no evidence at all that you would be increasing their suicide risk if they did not take medication for depression. Quite the opposite in my opinion.
Suicide is one of the most terrible and horribly damaging things that a person can do to friends and family. Many family members live with guilt, regret, and sadness for the rest of their lives. By comitting suicide you increase the risk that someone else in your family will do the same. You may be depressed and feel there are no other options. But there are always other options. I have seen patients who thought they had no other options completely turn their lives around and later think that they could never concieve of thinking about suicide again. If you consider suicide, get some help and know that you will not always feel the same way you do now. Emotions are temporary, and don’t last forever. Even though depression may last for a significant period of time, it will end. And with help it can end sooner.
A common fear of people who have anxiety is that they will “go crazy.” They’ll be permanently crazy and locked up in a psych ward for the rest of their lives. The truth is, that people who have such fears, do NOT actually ever “go crazy.” People who, “lose their minds,” in the schizophrenic sense, do not worry about going crazy. They talk about that colony of martians that has taken up home in their armpit, as my mentor likes to say. So, if your worried about going crazy, you most likely just have anxiety. And anxiety cannot harm you permanently in any way. This is a hard thing for people with anxiety to learn. Once they learn it, they can realize that they have control, and can put themselves more freely in situations that provoke their anxiety. They can begin to take control, and fight against their anxiety. Avoidance of feared situations, is actually what increases, and maintains anxiety. If you repeatedly expose yourself to the situation that causes anxiety, and you make that choice to do so, your anxiety will decrease. You may have to start out with a situation that provokes a moderate amount of anxiety. After you master this situation, it will be easier for you to tackle more difficult situations. If you can’t do this on your own, you can enlist the help of a trained psychologist to help you do so. With my approach, I like to find out what purpose the anxiety serves before working on removing it. That way, you can work on replacing the purpose the anxiety serves with a better option. A way of coping or adequately dealing with the unconscious aspect of the purpose the anxiety serves.
I’ve seen yet another one. A child labeled as ADHD and put on 5 different medications (an antipsychotic, a stimulant, an antidepressant, a mood stabilizer, and 
clonidine–an antihypertensive). If I saw this every once in awhile, I could dismiss it more readily. But this practice seems to be becoming common based on the number of children I’ve seen with this type of polypharmacy.
Polypharmacy has multiple definitions. “Mixing many drugs in on prescription.” “The practice of prescribing multiple drugs to patients suffering from more than one malady.” “The prescription or dispensation of unnecessarily numerous or complex medicines.” This according to the freedictionary.com.
http://glennsacks.com/blog/?p=940
I’m not a psychiatrist. I’m a psychologist. For those of you who don’t know, psychologists can’t prescribe medication in most states. Psychiatrists can in all states. So, my viewpoint may be a bit biased. You see, I try to help people overcome problems without medication whenever possible. I’ve been able to keep several children off of medication for “ADHD.” So far, the only children on medication for ADHD that I see, are the ones who were already on medication when they came in. I’ve had to convince teachers and principals to be patient. I’ve had to give suggestions of how to deal with different children in the classroom. I’m sure there are some teachers who don’t like me very much because I don’t advocate medication in most cases. That’s tough luck as far as I am concerned. There are difficult adults and difficult children in the world. You deal with them the best that you can. Worst case scenario, you try some medication. But to me, that is the worst case scenario. Try everything else first.
Try nutritional changes, try exercise, try everything you can think of. If the child is failing then consider medication. Otherwise, use your brain, use the Internet, talk to others, and do anything you can to keep kids off of medication. Medication is warranted when there are severe consequences that may occur without it. The case I described at the beginning on this post, was given all of those medications because, “he gets a little irritable somethimes.” I feel sorry for this poor kid’s brain and mind. But he is not alone.
Some day, this whole approach of polypharmacy, the idea that you might as well throw every class of drug at a kid and maybe one will work, will be seen as in the perspective of psychosurgery (read labotomy) and electroconvulsive therapy for all kinds of problems.
New speculative research points out potential benefits of exercise on addiction. What do you think?
I think it is certainly worth a try. I’ll be trying it with some of my addicted patients. There is also a tidbit about exercise helping children with verbal and math skills. I use this already to help children and adults improve attention/concentration. It’s also certainly helpful with depression and anxiety. So, it doesn’t seem unreasonable to me that it might help with addiction.
A most recent research trial, conducted by a pharmaceutical hack, found that St. John’s Wort was no more effective than placebo in alleviating symptoms of ADHD in children. You could read this as no more effective than antidepressant medication if you’ve read my previous posts. John Grohol notes that this study was conducted by Joseph Biederman who has been outed by CLPsych as having taken 1.6 million dollars from the pharaceutical industry which he didn’t report between 2000 and 2007. So, you can take this for what it’s worth. Maybe there’s no bias here, but I don’t believe in non-biased research. If you do, then you can feel comforted by the fact that a cheap/safe alternative to stimulant medications does not exists.
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